What is the primary hemoglobin type found in patients with thalassemia major?

In patients with thalassemia major, the primary hemoglobin type found is Hgb F, or fetal hemoglobin. Thalassemia major is characterized by a significant reduction in the production of normal adult hemoglobin (Hgb A) due to genetic mutations affecting the alpha or beta globin chains. As a result, the body compensates by producing higher levels of fetal hemoglobin, which is composed of two alpha and two gamma chains.

Fetal hemoglobin is typically predominant in the fetus and gradually decreases after birth, being replaced by adult hemoglobin. However, in individuals with thalassemia major, the persistent production of Hgb F becomes a crucial factor in managing the anemia associated with the disease. Elevated levels of Hgb F can help to alleviate some of the symptoms of thalassemia since Hgb F has a higher affinity for oxygen compared to Hgb A. Thus, in thalassemia major, monitoring and understanding the levels of Hgb F is essential for assessing disease severity and guiding treatment options.